PC/SC Relay¶

Welcome to PC/SC Relay. The purpose of PC/SC Relay is to relay a smart card using an contact-less interface. Currently the following contact-less emulators are supported:

Command APDUs are received with the contact-less interface and relayed. The Response APDUs are then sent back via RFID. The contact-less data will be relayed to one of the following connectors:

to a real smart card inserted into one of the systems’ smart card readers. The smart card reader must be accessible with PC/SC. The smart card may be contact-based or contact-less.
to a Virtual Smart Card that directly connects to pcsc-relay. The virtual smart card’s native interface is used and (despite its name) PC/SC Relay does not need to access PC/SC in this case.

┌────────┐          ┌──────────┐          ┌─────────┐
│Emulator│          │pcsc-relay│          │Connector│
└───┬────┘          └────┬─────┘          └────┬────┘
    │    Command APDU    │                     │
    │ ───────────────────>                     │
    │                    │ ───────────────────>│
    │                    │ <───────────────────│
    │    Response APDU   │                     │
    │ <───────────────────                     │
┌───┴────┐          ┌────┴─────┐          ┌────┴────┐
│Emulator│          │pcsc-relay│          │Connector│
└────────┘          └──────────┘          └─────────┘

Figure made with TikZ

Debug, Analyze and Emulate with PC/SC Relay

With PC/SC Relay you can relay a contact-less or contact based smart card over a long distance. Also you can use it in combination with the Virtual Smart Card to completely emulate an ISO/IEC 14443 smart card.

Figure made with TikZ

Emulate a contact-less German ID card to perform sanity checks

PC/SC Relay has the following dependencies:

PC/SC middleware

Note

This software can actually be used in a relay attack allowing full access to the card. We discussed the impact especially on the Relay attack against the German ID card, but it generally concerns all contact-less smart cards.

Download¶

You can find the latest release of PC/SC Relay on Github. Older releases are still available on Sourceforge.

Alternatively, you can clone our git repository:

git clone https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard.git
cd vsmartcard
git submodule update --init --recursive

Installation¶

Installation on Linux, Unix and similar¶

The PC/SC Relay uses the GNU Build System to compile and install. If you are unfamiliar with it, please have a look at INSTALL. If you can not find it, you are probably working bleeding edge in the repository. To generate the missing standard auxiliary files you need to additionally install libtool and pkg-config and run the following command in pcsc-relay:

autoreconf --verbose --install

To configure (configure --help lists possible options), build and install the PC/SC Relay now do the following:

./configure
make
make install

Hints on libnfc¶

Here is an example of how to get the standard installation of libnfc:

PREFIX=/tmp/install
LIBNFC=libnfc
git clone https://github.com/nfc-tools/libnfc $LIBNFC
cd $LIBNFC
autoreconf -i
# See `./configure --help` for enabling support of additional hardware
./configure --prefix=$PREFIX
make
make install

Building PC/SC Relay with libnfc is done best using pkg-config. The file libnfc.pc should be located in $INSTALL/lib/pkgconfig. Here is how to configure PC/SC Relay to use it:

./configure PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PREFIX/lib/pkgconfig

Hints on Android Smart Card Emulator¶

The Android Smart Card Emulator is build around the host card emulation mode of Android 4.4 and later. This mode activates the app if the terminal issues a SELECT command with one of the app’s application identifiers. By default, the app only registers for the AIDs for which it has a built-in emulator (see ACardEmulator/app/src/main/res/xml/aid_list.xml).

If used together with PC/SC Relay, you need to change add AIDs to match the applications on the relayed card. Otherwise the app will not be activated when it should relay command APDUs to PC/SC Relay.

Modify the Smart Card Emulator settings to use Remote Virtual Smart Card as Smart Card Emulator. Now start pcsc-relay by specifying usage of the vpcd emulator:

pcsc-relay --emulator vpcd

In the app, change the VICC Hostname and VICC Port to match the location where pcsc-relay is waiting for an incoming connection. When the app receives a SELECT command to one of the configured AIDs, it will connect to pcsc-relay, which will then relay the command for processing.

Compiling and installing Android Smart Card Emulator is covered in its Download and Install section.

Hints on PC/SC middleware¶

A PC/SC middleware is included by default in most modern operating systems. On Unix-like systems (Linux, OS X, Sun OS) it is realized by PCSC-Lite 3. To compile PC/SC Relay you will need to install the PCSC-Lite headers from your distribution.

Windows also ships with a PC/SC middleware in form of the Winscard module. PC/SC Relay can be (cross) compiled with MinGW-w64. Also, Microsoft’s developement environment Visual Studio includes all necessary data for building PC/SC Relay.

Usage¶

Usage: pcsc-relay [OPTION]...
Relay a smart card to a contactless interface

Using an contact-less interface (currently OpenPICC or libnfc) pcsc-relay
receives command APDUs which are forwared to an existing smart card via PC/SC.
pcsc-relay sends the response APDU back to the contact-less interface.

  -h, --help                  Print help and exit
  -V, --version               Print version and exit
  -e, --emulator=ENUM         Contact-less emulator backend  (possible
                                values="libnfc", "vpcd", "openpicc"
                                default=`libnfc')
  -c, --connector=ENUM        Smart card connector backend  (possible
                                values="pcsc", "vicc" default=`pcsc')
  -f, --foreground            Stay in foreground  (default=on)
  -v, --verbose               Use (several times) to be more verbose

PC/SC connector:
  -r, --reader=INT            Number of the PC/SC reader to use (-1 for
                                autodetect)  (default=`-1')

Virtual Smart Card connector:
  -p, --vpcd-port=INT         Port for communicating virtual smart card
                                (default=`35963')
  -n, --vpcd-hostname=STRING  Hostname for connecting to virtual smart card
                                (default=`wait for an incoming connection')

Virtual Smart Card Reader emulator:
  -P, --vicc-port=INT         Port to listen for virtual smart card reader
                                (default=`35963')
  -N, --vicc-hostname=STRING  Hostname for connecting to virtual smart card
                                reader  (default=`wait for an incoming
                                connection')
  -A, --vicc-atr=STRING       ATR  (default=`3B80800101')

Report bugs to https://github.com/frankmorgner/vsmartcard/issues

Written by Frank Morgner and Dominik Oepen

Below we explain what option to choose for the emulator which receives a command APDU and transmits a response APDU back to the terminal:

Option	`--emulator`
Emulation hardware supported via libnfc	`libnfc`
Emulation with OpenPICC	`openpicc`
Android Smart Card Emulator	`vpcd`
Virtual Smart Card	`vpcd`

Below we explain what option to choose for the connector which calculates a response APDU from a given command APDU:

Option	`--connector`
Contact-based Smart Card in PC/SC Reader	`pcsc`
Contact-less Smart Card in PC/SC Reader	`pcsc`
Contact-less Smart Card in Remote Smart Card Reader	`vicc`
Virtual Smart Card	`vicc`

Question¶

Do you have questions, suggestions or contributions? Feedback of any kind is more than welcome! Please use our project trackers.

Notes and References¶

1: http://nfc-tools.org/index.php?title=Devices_compatibility_matrix
2: http://www.openpcd.org/OpenPICC
3: https://pcsclite.apdu.fr/